Page 21 - Passages 3rd Edition (demo)

GRAMMAR
Past modals and phrasal modals of obligation

Should have, was supposed to, had to, and needed to all describe obligations in the past,
although they have slightly different uses.
I should have stayed home and studied! (It was a good idea, but I didn't do it.)
I was supposed to be studying this weekend. (It was expected, but I didn't do it.)
I had to wear a uniform. (We were forced to do this.)
I didn't have to go with my friends, but I did. (There was no obligation.)
I thought I needed to have more clothes. (I thought this was necessary.)

LG'l~.~M~R_.,LUS see page 108

A Look at the Starting Point on page 10 again. Can you find other examples of
past modals and phrasal modals of obligation? What does each one mean?

B Choose the answer that is true for each sentence. Then compare answers with a partner.

1. I shouldn't have invited them. 3. We didn't have to study for the test.
0 a. I didn't invite them. 0 a. We forgot to study.
0 b. I invited them. D b. We were prepared for the test.
2. That was a secret! You weren't supposed 4. I know Jane didn't like my cooking, but
to tell anyone! she didn't need to be so rude about it.
0 a. You didn't tell anyone. 0 a. Jane was rude to me.
D b. You told someone. 0 b. Jane wasn't rude to me.

C Complete the sentences with information about yourself. Then compare
answers with a partner.

1. After I started high school, I had to ...
study a lot harder.
2. I made someone angry once because I wasn't supposed to . . .
3. I wasted a lot of money once because I thought I needed to . . .
4. When I had the opportunity, I should have ...

~J~D_l_S_C_U_S__O_N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~­
I
S
"9.J Past experiences
A Look at the survey and choose the items that are true for you.

"'lave you ever ...
O e njoyed doing something you weren't supposed to do?
O not done something you s hould have done?
O done something foolish that you didn't need to do?
0 had t o follow a rule you d idn't like?
O had to enforce a rule you didn't like?

B Pair work Discuss your answers. Ask follow-up questions.

"Have you ever enjoyed doing something you weren't supposed to do?"
"Sure. At my old job, I wasn't supposed to take a long lunch, but I took long lunches
at the park, anyway. How about you?"

41§-~i•]a.y Life lessons 11