Page 48 - Grammar in Context 7th Edition (demo)

ABOUT YOU Use the words to write present perfect questions. Then take turns asking and answering
your questions with a partner. Use contractions. Share what you learned with your class.
5. You have used Google. (probably)
1. (Internet security / be / problem / for you) Has Internet security been a problem for you?
6. He hasn’t finished his college degree. (even)
2. (which / music apps / use)
7. I have read the article about Internet security. (already)
3. (try / VR)
New Fun with Grammar allows the
FUN WITH GRAMMAR
class to practice grammar in a lively
4. (what / change / in the last 20 years) Form three teams. One person from each team goes to the board. Your teacher will say an irregular verb and
you will write the past participle of that verb on the board. Every student has a turn. The first to finish writing
game-like way. the word correctly wins a point.
For an extra challenge, the first to write a sentence using the verb in the present perfect wins another point.
232 Unit 9 The Present Perfect, The Present Perfect Continuous 233
Summary and Review SUMMARY OF UNIT 9 REVIEW
sections help students The Present Perfect and the Simple Past Fill in the blanks with the simple past, the present perfect, or the present perfect continuous form of the
verbs given. Include any other words you see. In some cases, more than one answer is possible.
SIMPLE PAST
revisit key points and PRESENT PERFECT The action of the sentence is completely past. A: What do you do for a living? as a programmer. I ’ve been working as a
The action of the sentence began in the past and
work
includes the present.
B: I
1. work
2. work
assess their progress. Sergey Brin has been in the U.S. since 1979. Sergey Brin came to the U.S. in 1979. programmer for five years. But my job is boring.
Khan created his first math videos in 2004.
Khan’s videos have been available for many years.
I’ve always wanted to learn more about my family’s When I was a child, I always wanted to spend time with A: 3. you / think / ever about changing jobs?
history. my grandparents. B: Yes. Since I a child, I to be an actor.
How long have you been interested in genealogy? When did you start your family tree? 4. be 5. always / want
When I was in college, I in a few plays. But since I
6. be
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST , I time to act. What about you?
7. graduate 8. not / have
Repetition from past to present Repetition in a past time period A: I in computer security.
Khan Academy has created over 5,000 videos so far. Khan created several videos for his niece in 2004. 9. work
B: How long that?
10. you / do
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST A: For about six years.
The action took place at an indefinite time between the The action took place at a definite time in the past.
past and the present. B: I the field of computer security is very important.
11. think
Have you ever used Cyndi’s list? Did you use the 1940 census in 2012? A: Yes, it is. But lately I the computer for other things, too. My hobby is
My brother has raised $5,000 on a crowdfunding site He put his project on a crowdfunding site six months 12. use
already. ago. genealogy. I 13. work on my family tree for about a year. Last month I
I’m interested in the DNA project. I’ve received my kit, My friend sent her DNA sample to the Genographic information about my father’s ancestors. My grandfather
but I haven’t sent the sample back yet. Project last month. 14. find
with us now, and he likes to tell us about his past. He
15. live
The Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous born in Italy, but he here when he
16. be 17. come
PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS was very young, so he 18. live here most of his life. He
A continuous action (nonaction verbs) A continuous action (action verbs) much about Italy. I any information
I have been interested in genealogy for five years. I’ve been working on my family tree for five years. 19. not / remember 20. not / find
A repeated action A nonstop action about my mother’s ancestors yet.
Cyndi Howell’s website has won several awards. The U.S. Census Bureau has been keeping records since
the 1880s.
Question with how many/how much Question with how long
How many times has Khan been on the cover of a How long has Khan been living in Boston?
magazine?
How much time has he spent on Khan Academy?
An action that is at an indefinite time, completely An action that started in the past and is still happening
in the past
Many teachers have started to use Khan lectures in their Dr. Wells has been collecting DNA for several years.
classrooms.
254 Unit 9 The Present Perfect, The Present Perfect Continuous 255
From Grammar to FROM GRAMMAR TO WRITING
Writing gives editing PART 1 Editing Advice First, since the past two years, I am studying to be a software engineer. I knew a little about
6.
8.
7.
1. Don’t confuse the -ing form and the past participle. this subject before I came here, but my knowledge has improve a lot. I started to work part-time
taking
advice and practice I’ve been taken a course in genealogy. in a computer company three months ago. Since I have started my job, I haven’t have much time
10.
9.
11.
given
13.
12.
14.
My parents have giving me family photos.
for fun.
to set students up to 2. Use the present perfect, not the simple present or present continuous, to describe an action or Second, I have a driver’s permit, and I’m learning how to drive. I haven’t took the driver’s test
state that started in the past and continues to the present.
15.
have you been
had
He has his laptop for two years. How long are you studying math? yet because I’m not ready. I haven’t practiced enough already.
^
^
successfully apply the 3. Use for, not since, with the amount of time. for Third, I’ve been eaten a lot of different foods like hamburgers and pizza. I never ate those in
18.
16.
17.
19.
20.
I’ve been interested in my family’s history since three years. my country. Unfortunately, I been gaining weight.
grammar to writing. 4. Use the simple past, not the present perfect, with a specific past time. Fourth, I’ve gone to several museums in this city. But I’ve taken never a trip to another
21.
studied
23.
He has studied algebra when he was in high school.
22.
did study American city. I’d like to visit New York, but I haven’t saved enough money yet.
When have you studied algebra? 24. 25.
Fifth, I’ve been living in three apartments so far. In my country, I lived in the same house
5. Use the simple past, not the present perfect, in a since clause. 26. 27.
put
He has collected $5,000 since he has put his project on a crowdfunding site. with my family all my life.
6. Use the correct word order with adverbs. ever heard One thing that bothers me is this: I’ve answered the following questions about a thousand
never studied
28.
I have studied never my family history. Have you heard ever of Dr. Spencer Wells?
times so far: “Where do you come from?” and “How long time you have been in the U.S.?” I’m
7. Use the correct word order in questions. 29. 30.
has your family getting tired of always answering the same question. But in general, I been happy since I came to
How long your family has been in this country? 31. 32.
the U.S.
8. Use yet for negative statements; use already for affirmative statements.
yet
I haven’t taken advanced algebra already.
9. Don’t forget the verb have in the present perfect (continuous). WRITING TIP
have When you write a paragraph or essay about a change in your life, start your paper with a sentence that states how
I been studying my family history for two years. the new situation (technology for example) has changed your life.
^
10. Don’t forget the -ed of the past participle. Since I got a cell phone, my life has greatly improved.
ed Then use the simple past to talk about what you used to do and the simple present to talk about what you do
He’s watch a math video several times. habitually now.
^
PART 2 Editing Practice Before I got a cell phone, I went to work in the morning and only talked to my family at night. Now, I call before I go
Some of the shaded words and phrases have mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct them. If the shaded home to ask if they need anything.
words are correct, write C.
have you C PART 3 Write
How many changes you have made since you came to the U.S.? For our journal, our teacher Read the prompts. Choose one and write a paragraph or two about it.
1. 2. 1. Write about the changes that you have made since you came to this country, city, or school.
asked us to answer this question. I have come to the U.S. two and a half years ago. Things have 2. Write about new technology that you’ve started using recently. How has that made your life
3.
change a lot for me since I’ve come here. Here are some of the changes: different?
4. 5.
PART 4 Edit
Reread the Summary of Unit 9 and the editing advice. Edit your writing from Part 3.
256 Unit 9 The Present Perfect, The Present Perfect Continuous 257
New Writing Tips further
connect the grammar to the
unit writing task.
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