Page 47 - Grammar in Context 7th Edition (demo)

New and updated readings New Think About It questions
introduce the target grammar in give students the opportunity to
context and provide the springboard personalize and think critically about
for explanations and practice. what they are reading.

CROWDFUNDING COMPREHENSION Based on the reading, write T for true or F for false.
Sometimes strangers help fund a crowdfunding project.
1.
2. The idea of crowdfunding is old, but it has become easier to do with the Internet.
Read the following article. Pay special attention to the words in bold. 9.3 3. The “97 Supermarket” project didn’t reach its financial goal.
Have you ever had an idea for a business but no way to fund it? Have you asked THINK ABOUT IT Discuss the questions with a partner or in a small group.
relatives and friends for money to help you? If you have done these things, you know it Crowdfunding 1. What would you like to crowdfund for? Why?
isn’t easy to get people interested in investing in your dream. After getting money from has become
relatives and friends, it’s hard to find more people willing to invest. Lately people have one of the most 2. What might be some challenges with crowdfunding? Explain.
popular ways
found a different way to raise cash: through crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is a method for people to
of “collecting small amounts of money from a lot of different people, usually by using raise money for 9.4 The Present Perfect—Overview of Uses
the Internet.” While the idea has been around for possibly hundreds of years, the word a cause, project,
“crowdfunding” has only existed since 2006. or event. In 2017, EXAMPLES EXPLANATION
Crowdfunding websites, which started to appear on the Internet in 2010, have $34 billion was People have used crowdfunding since 2010. We use the present perfect to show that an action or
helped individuals raise billions of dollars worldwide. So how does it work? A person raised globally. Google has been in existence for over 20 years. state started in the past and continues to the present.
demonstrates his idea in a short video and states his financial goal and the time frame for This number is I have used my laptop in coffee shops many times. We use the present perfect to show that an action
expected to
raising money. Usually the first investors are family and friends. Little by little strangers grow to more How many articles about crowdfunding have you read? repeated during a period of time that started in the past
become interested and donate money. and includes the present.
than $300 billion
Not all crowdfunding plans are for profit. Some people have used crowdfunding by 2025. Have you ever asked relatives for money? We use the present perfect to show that an action
websites that are specifically for philanthropic 1 projects. These sites have attracted occurred at an indefinite time in the past.
people who want to make the world a better place. The 97 Supermarket in Changchun,
China is one example of this. Jiang Naijun used crowdfunding to get the money to open a COMPREHENSION Based on the reading, write T for true or F for false.
EXERCISE 7 Tell if the sentences show continuation from past to present (C), repetition from past to
supermarket. She named her market 97 because that was her age when she did this. Since present (R), or an indefinite time in the past (I).
and the she became profitable, she has given at least half the money she earns to charity 2 , to help 1. Library and Internet research for genealogy can help us find family information from
1. Larry Page has been interested in computers since he was a child.
children in need. “I wanted to do more for society,” she said.
C
If you want more information, just google “crowdfunding” and you will find a number thousands of years ago.
2. How many e-mails have you received today?
of different sites specializing in different types of projects. 2. DNA analysis can show us the relationship of people all over the world.
98-year-old Jiang Naijun used 3. I’ve had my laptop for one year.
crowdfunding to start her
3.
1 philanthropic: intended to help others supermarket and donates the The U.S. Census provides family historians with useful information.
4. The word “crowdfunding” has been in existence since 2006.
2 charity: an organization that helps people in need profits to charity.
5. Internet security has become a big problem.
9.5 THINK ABOUT IT Discuss the questions with a partner or in a small group.
6. Has your computer ever had a virus?
technology shows the relationship between people, 1. What do you know about your family’s genealogy? How did you learn what you know?
7. My cousin has used crowdfunding two times.
going back thousands of years. 2. What more would you like to know about it?
8. Have you ever used your laptop in a coffee shop?

In 2005, National Geographic started the GRAMMAR IN USE
Genographic Project. Since then, it has been When an event happened in the recent past, and the effect is still felt, we often use the present perfect. This is

especially common for speakers of British English. In American English, we use either the present perfect or the
collecting and analyzing DNA 3 from people all over 9.10 The Present Perfect Continuous—Forms
simple past.
has been the world. Dr. Spencer Wells, founder of the project, Someone has just donated $10,000!
SUBJECT HAVE/HAS BEEN PRESENT
has been using this information to understand how (+NOT) I have forgotten my password again. PARTICIPLE
Have you heard the news?
we are all related to each other. Cyndi Howells has been working on her family history since 1992.
.
How does this project work? People get a DNA The Genographic has been analyzing The Present Perfect, The Present Perfect Continuous 235
234 Unit 9
information since 2005.
kit, put in a bit of saliva, and send it back. Dr. Wells Project
has concluded that all humans alive today descended Family historians have been using DNA to trace their backgrounds.
from early humans who lived in Eastern Africa around The U.S. Census hasn’t New Grammar in Use notes highlight
been
keeping
detailed records for more than 150 years.
two hundred thousand years ago. Dr. Wells has been Bureau
studying human migration 4 from Africa to other parts practical usage points to help students
of the world. Dr. Wells thinks that by understanding Observe statements, yes/no questions, short answers, and wh- questions.
who we are and where we came from, we will have a communicate more effectively.
better sense of where we are going. STATEMENT YES/NO QUESTION & SHORT ANSWER WH- QUESTION
Dr. Wells has been studying DNA Has he been studying the DNA of people How long has he been studying
1 genealogy: the study of family history for several years. all over the world? Yes, he has. human DNA?
2 genealogist: family historian
have 3 DNA: the molecules that carry genetic information and define You have been thinking about Have you been thinking about DNA Why haven’t you been thinking
the traits of a person, plant, or animal researching your family history. testing? No, I haven’t. about DNA testing?
4 migration: movement from one place to another, usually
in large groups Cyndi Howells has been working on Have you been working on your family Who has been working on your
her family history. history? No, I haven’t. family history?
New listening comprehension Note:
The present perfect continuous is sometimes called the present perfect progressive.
activities encourage students
to listen for meaning through EXERCISE 17 Listen to the information about the U.S. Census. Write T for true, F for false,
9.6
or NS for not stated.
natural spoken English.
1. At first, children were not counted in the census.
2. All census information is available to everyone.
3. Most Americans complete the census questionnaire.
The Present Perfect, The Present Perfect Continuous 249
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